Generally. Burning that takes place after some event.

Burning of timber after it has been felled.

Burning of combustible waste material following some previous process; (Engineering) the spontaneous burning of ejected gases or particulates after they have left an internal combustion engine or a rocket engine.

In an internal combustion engine: combustion that takes place in the part of a cycle which occurs immediately after the time of maximum pressure.

The use of an aircraft's afterburner; combustion in the afterburner of an aircraft.

Of a jet engine: fitted with or using an afterburner.